编译Golang包为C语言库文件
Go 1.5发布后,其包含一个特性:可以编译生成C语言动态链接库或静态库。本文给出了示例代码和用法。
go build
和go install
命令,可以使用参数 -buildmode
来指定生成哪种类型的二进制目标文件。请见https://golang.org/cmd/go/#Description of build modes 详细说明。
当前我们使用 -buildmode=c-archive
来示例和测试。
Golang源文件:
// file hello.go
package main
port "C"
import "fmt"
//export SayHello
func SayHello(name string) {
fmt.Printf("func in Golang SayHello says: Hello, %s!\n", name)
}
//export SayHelloByte
func SayHelloByte(name []byte) {
fmt.Printf("func in Golang SayHelloByte says: Hello, %s!\n", string(name))
}
//export SayBye
func SayBye() {
fmt.Println("func in Golang SayBye says: Bye!")
}
func main() {
// We need the main function to make possible
// CGO compiler to compile the package as C shared library
}
使用命令go build -buildmode=c-archive -o libhello.a hello.go
可以生成一个C语言静态库libhello.a
和头文件libhello.h
。
然后我们再写个C语言程序来调用这个库,如下:
// file hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "libhello.h"
int main() {
printf("This is a C Application.\n");
GoString name = {(char*)"Jane", 4};
SayHello(name);
GoSlice buf = {(void*)"Jane", 4, 4};
SayHelloByte(buf);
SayBye();
return 0;
}
使用命令gcc -o hello hello.c libhello.a -pthread
来编译生成一个可执行文件hello
。执行命令如下:
$ go build -buildmode=c-archive -o libhello.a hello.go
$ gcc -o hello hello.c libhello.a -pthread
$ ./hello
This is a C Application.
func in Golang SayHello says: Hello, Jane!
func in Golang SayHelloByte says: Hello, Jane!
func in Golang SayBye says: Bye!
备注:目前Golang还不支持将一个struct结构导出到C库中。